Joint Health in Dogs: Natural Solutions and Preventative Care

Dogs come in all shapes and sizes, with some being more vulnerable to certain health concerns depending on genetics, size, breed, and other factors. For example, joint issues such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs can arise for a variety of reasons. Larger breed dogs, in particular, are more predisposed to these issues due to their size and growth patterns.

My work as a canine nutritionist has shown me how powerful nutrition can be in preventing and alleviating various health concerns. However, a proactive approach is always best when possible, especially when dealing with dogs that are genetically predisposed to certain health conditions.

This article explains why some dogs are more vulnerable to joint issues, signs to watch for, and how you can take a proactive approach to their joint health.

Joint health risks for all dogs

Joint health issues can affect dogs of any size, a combination of factors makes proactive care essential. For all dogs, injuries and wear-and-tear can contribute to joint problems. During puppyhood, ensuring a lifestyle that minimises trauma to their developing bodies is crucial for joint health later in life.

Growth plates—the areas of bone around the joints—takes time to fully develop, with smaller breeds reaching maturity around 12 months and larger breeds around 18 to 30 months. The extended development period leaves larger dogs more vulnerable to injuries during this critical phase [1]. Early neutering causes delayed closure of the growth plates, leading to altered bone proportions and skeletal problems.

Larger breeds also face additional challenges. Their greater weight places extra pressure on their joints throughout their lives, which can create friction, leading to inflammation, pain, and stiffness over time.

Large breed puppies, while physically big, often struggle to “grow into their bodies” during their first year of rapid development. This can result in accidents and clumsiness that increase the likelihood of joint injuries. Trauma sustained before growth plates close may take longer to heal and can lead to permanent joint malformation or misalignment, further compromising joint health.

The good news is you can take steps to support your dogs’ joint health through proper care, nutrition, and appropriate exercise during these crucial stages of growth and beyond.

A note about neutering

If you intend to neuter or spay it is advisable to delay the procedure until your dog is fully developed. After the age of 2 years is strongly recommended for large or giant breeds and 18 months for smaller breeds.

Performing these procedures too early can heighten the likelihood of joint complications later in life, as it disrupts the hormonal surge necessary for growth plate closure. During puberty, dogs experience an increase in estrogen/progesterone and testosterone levels, which prompts the closure of growth plates in their long bones, halting further growth.

Dogs that are neutered before reaching puberty miss out on this hormonal surge, leading to prolonged growth of their long bones and ultimately resulting in greater height when growth eventually halts compared to their unneutered counterparts. This is true for all dogs, but the impact is particularly significant in larger breeds, where the growth period is extended.

If you love digging into the science, there’s plenty of research out there. Here are a few key studies:

• A 2020 study from the University of California found that early neutering could triple the risk of joint disease [2].

• A 2013 study from UC Davis on Golden Retrievers showed that dogs neutered before their first birthday had a higher chance of developing hip dysplasia and CCL tears compared to those neutered later or left intact [3].

• A 2016 study on German Shepherds found a similar pattern—early neutering was linked to more joint disorders, possibly due to extended growth plate activity [4].

Dive deeper into this topic with Dr. Katie Woodley’s article: Pros and Cons of Spaying or Neutering.

Hip and elbow dysplasia

Hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia are common joint issues in dogs, particularly in large and giant breeds, though medium-sized dogs can also be affected. These conditions are often genetic, with certain breeds being more prone than others. Dysplasia occurs when the joint, whether the hip or the elbow, develops abnormally, causing misalignment, instability, and excess friction. Instead of a smooth, gliding motion, the joint rubs and grinds, leading to pain and reduced mobility.

One visual telltale sign of hip dysplasia is “bunny hopping”—when a dog moves both hind legs together instead of independently. In elbow dysplasia, stiffness, front leg lameness, or an outwardly turned paw can indicate trouble.

Over time, these conditions lead to degeneration, chronic pain, and reduced function, with severe cases requiring surgery, such as hip or elbow replacements.

Cruciate ligament tears

Cruciate ligament tears are a common orthopaedic injury in dogs, especially in active breeds and those prone to joint issues. The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL), similar to the ACL in humans, stabilizes the knee (stifle) joint. When torn, whether from sudden trauma or gradual weakening, it can cause pain, limping, and instability, often leading to weight shifting onto the opposite leg.

Dogs with cruciate damage may struggle to stand after rest, limp or refrain from putting the foot to the ground, and show a skipping gait when moving. Without intervention, a torn cruciate can lead to joint instability, arthritis and long-term mobility issues, with severe cases requiring surgical repair for full function to be restored.

Luxating patella

Luxating patella is a condition in which the small bone at the front of the knee (the patella, or knee cap) dislocates and can slip to the side. Though genetically speaking this most often occurs in smaller breeds, over the last decade there have been more incidences of luxating patella in large breeds as well.

Luxating patella in dogs can also happen as a result of trauma, which is more common in large breeds; especially during their puppy/young adult years when the growth plates aren’t fully closed. Dog patella luxation can be a secondary condition to other joint abnormalities, such as hip dysplasia and malformation of other bones/joints [5].

Arthritis

Arthritis in dogs causes joint pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. It’s a common condition in both ageing dogs and large breeds and can be detrimental to a dog’s quality of life. In its basic form, arthritis is inflammation of the joints; though there are several types of dog arthritis, with each being characterised slightly differently.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in dogs. This involves progressive degeneration of the joints and is most commonly found in older dogs, though large breeds carry a higher risk than other breeds might [6].

Learn more about arthritis in dogs by watching our video, Canine Arthritis and Inflammation, featuring Dr. Nick Thompson, consultant vet to ProDog.

Managing joint health proactively

As joint health issues are generally progressive, a proactive approach is key. This sets your dog up for success in the long run and is more helpful than reacting once a joint issue has become obvious down the road. Making sure puppies have a healthy start to life is a crucial step in allowing them to develop strong bones and joints and greatly reduces their risk of mobility issues as they mature.

Nutrition

A natural, species-appropriate diet, such as a raw dog food diet, includes lean animal protein, healthy omega fats, bone, offal (organ meats), and plant fibre all of which will provide them with the essential nutrients they require to develop healthily throughout their younger years. This goes for older dogs, too: introducing a species-appropriate raw diet contributes towards their overall health, as well as promoting joint health at any age.

Discover more in our comprehensive guide, Top 12 Health Benefits of Raw Feeding Dogs.

Exercise

Age-appropriate exercise is important for puppies, as too much stress on growing bones can contribute to malformed joints and increases the risk of trauma. This is just as important in adult dogs, as those with sedentary lifestyles can gain excess weight, which over-taxes the joints.

The same can be said for overactivity as well; large breed dogs benefit from lower impact exercise. Over exertion, or repetitive movement such as constant ball throwing, can also contribute towards joint problems for all dogs.

Beware raising pups on shiny, skiddy floors. They do best on floors with more grip to prevent regular splaying of the legs.

Early signs and symptoms to be aware of

Symptoms of joint issues will likely be subtle at first, as dogs are hardwired to hide their pain. This is an instinctive trait to avoid appearing vulnerable, though it can be frustrating for humans to decode these subtle signals. However, there are clues your dog will give you to alert you that something’s not quite right, if you pay close attention. Here are some early warning signs of joint issues to be aware of:

• Slowing down physically — Running less, walking more slowly, having trouble jumping up or down, sleeping more than usual
• Licking the joints — An attempt to clean/heal wounds or painful areas
• Behavioural changes — Becoming irritable, withdrawn, or not wanting to be touched
• Changes in gait — Stiffness, shuffling, slipping, or favouring a particular area
• Swelling — Visibly swollen joints
• Reluctant to jump, climb stairs, or get in the car—when they used to be happy or even keen to
• Stiff when getting up — Slow, stiff movements after rest could signal joint trouble.
• Sitting more than usual — Awkward or frequent sitting may mean they’re avoiding discomfort.
• House soiling — A potential sign of pain, especially in dogs that are house trained
• Disturbed Fur – Fur that sticks up or points in the wrong direction around a joint can be a subtle but telling sign that something isn’t quite right.

It all starts with dog gut health. A healthy digestive system is the foundation for a strong, healthy body, including resilient joints. While some joint issues stem directly from inflammation, others are worsened by systemic inflammation throughout the body. A raw diet helps address both, reducing discomfort and promoting mobility for dogs of all ages.

For puppies, a quality raw diet provides the perfect blend of nutrients for strong bones, healthy joints, and proper growth. ProDog’s Raw Puppy food is expertly balance to FEDIAF nutritional standards, therefore designed to give them the best start in life.

For adult dogs, it’s never too late to make the switch. A raw diet can improve joint health, reduce inflammation, and enhance vitality at any stage of life. ProDog’s range of raw dog food is packed with the nutrients every dog needs to thrive—no matter their age or size.

Dr. Nick Thompson, holistic vet, breaks down 9 powerhouse nutrients that can transform your dog’s joint health—here’s what you need to know.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA):

Omega-3 fatty acids (FA), found in marine oil and flaxseed, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce joint inflammation and pain.

Fish, Krill and Squid use omega-3 FA as an anti-freeze when swimming in icy arctic waters. Canine and human biochemistry ‘borrow’ these essential compounds and use them to moderate joint inflammation.

Inflammation is a combination of two or more cardinal signs: swelling, pain, redness, heat, and loss of function. It’s an essential part of mammals’ defence system; if you break your leg, running around on it for weeks is a terrible idea. The pain and loss of function are there to immobilise you and allow the broken bone to knit.

Omega-6 FAs do the opposite; they are pro-inflammatory. Again, they are essential because inflammation is such an important defence strategy. Too much, though, and a generalised inflammatory state can arise, harming every tissue in the body, from the brain to the liver or the joints. Long-term inflammation accelerates ageing and tissue degradation.

The trouble is that, because of modern intensive arable and livestock farming, all our food is rich in Omega-6 but light in Omega-3. Therefore, adding marine oils at about 1000mg for every 10-20kg bodyweight is essential in every diet, whether you feed raw, fresh, ultra-processed kibble or canned foods.

Water:

Yes, believe it or not, this is essential to optimal joint function. If you remember that up to 80% of dogs are fed dried food, the possibility of low-grade dehydration is ever-present.

Suppose the body has insufficient moisture; blood viscosity rises, impeding blood flow to joints. Synovial fluid, the near-miraculous, sticky, slippy material in most mobile joints, relies on a steady moisture supply to maintain optimal viscosity.

Intervertebral discs, the spongy pads between all the vertebrae in the dog’s back, rely on good hydration to maintain their elasticity and impact-absorbing qualities.

The simplest and most abundant compound on the planet, H2O, is arguably essential to good joint health.

Glucosamine:

Naturally found in cartilage, Glucosamine is often used to support joint health and mobility. It’s believed to help repair and maintain cartilage and other connective tissues.

Dogs eating a raw diet, which includes bone-in mince and recreational bones, have loads of this in their diet as bones always come with cartilage, a fabulous source of natural Glucosamine. Some older dogs, even if raw-fed, can benefit from joint supplements containing Glucosamine.

Chondroitin:

Often used with Glucosamine, chondroitin supplementation helps maintain the fluidity and elasticity of cartilage in joints. It’s thought to promote water retention in the cartilage and inhibit enzymes that break down cartilage tissue.

In my practice, we use a product containing 505mg – Glucosamine HCl (99% Pure) and 400mg – Chondroitin Sulphate (90% Pure) per capsule. Daily intake is up to one capsule per 10kg bodyweight for six weeks loading quantity, then half the amount as maintenance.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM):

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is commonly used in dogs as a supplement for joint health. MSM is a natural compound known for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in building healthy connective tissue. Studies suggest that when combined with other joint-supporting compounds like Glucosamine and chondroitin, MSM can reduce pain and improve mobility in dogs with osteoarthritis.

The therapeutic dosage for dogs is about 50 to 100 mg MSM per 20 kg of body weight. Thanks to the industrialisation of farming, even dogs fed a raw, whole-food diet might not be getting enough of this nutrient.

Vitamin C:

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, so called because it cures ‘scorbutic’ or scurvy tendencies) is not commonly supplemented in dogs because dogs naturally produce the vitamin in their livers.

However, additional Vitamin C might be beneficial in certain situations, such as high stress, illness, or ageing.

It’s known for its antioxidant properties, which support the immune system and potentially reduce inflammation. Some holistic veterinarians suggest it can aid in the recovery of various diseases and promote overall health.

I use ascorbic acid as a powder as sodium ascorbate, adding about 500mg per 10-20kg body weight.

Vitamin E:

Another potent antioxidant, Vitamin E, helps combat oxidative stress (ageing and inflammation) in joint tissues, potentially reducing inflammation and pain.

It’s vital for proper immune function, skin health, and joint and muscle maintenance. Dogs with deficiencies may exhibit issues like muscle weakness or reproductive problems.

In its natural form, vitamin E is RRR-alpha-tocopherol. It’s found in significant quantities in ostrich, buffalo, egg, halibut, haddock, sardine, kidney, liver, brain, kelp, spinach, dandelion, Swiss chard, red pepper, and turnip.

Raw-fed dogs eating a broad variety of meat, organ, fish, and plant foods rarely need supplementation. If your dog needs to supplement, recommended levels are about 400IU per day for a 20kg dog. If you’re feeding marine oils without a vitamin E inclusion, this is an essential vitamin to supplement.

Boswellia:

Boswellia, an herbal extract from the Boswellia serrata tree, is gaining attention for its use in managing canine arthritis. Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, it’s thought to reduce joint swelling and pain, improving mobility in affected dogs.

Studies indicate Boswellia can be a helpful supplement for managing symptoms of osteoarthritis and other joint-related issues in dogs. It’s often used in conjunction with other joint-supporting supplements like Glucosamine.

Turmeric (Curcumin):

Turmeric, particularly its active compound curcumin, is recognised for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a popular supplement for managing dog arthritis.

It’s believed to reduce joint inflammation and pain, potentially improving mobility. While research on turmeric’s efficacy in dogs is limited, anecdotal evidence and its usage in human health suggest potential benefits. It may also be helpful in canine cancer, cysts, wound healing and urinary tract infections.

I recommend that small to medium-sized dogs take 250 milligrams twice daily in food, while large to giant breeds should be given 500 milligrams two to three times daily.

In addition to a balanced diet, dietary supplements offer powerful benefits for joint health. While many individual food additions, such as those detailed above by Dr Nick, can support joint care, opting for an expertly formulated blend designed specifically for joint health eliminates the guesswork.

These targeted supplements provide an optimal nutritional foundation to support mobility, helping your dog stay active and comfortable.

ProDog’s Flexx, joint supplement for dogs, is a standout example of targeted joint care. Packed with science-backed, vet-approved ingredients, this formula is specially designed to support joint health and can be easily added to any type of dog food for seamless integration into your dog’s diet.

Many of the ingredients in Flexx are featured in Dr. Nick Thompson’s top nutrients for joint care above, including Methyl-Sulfonyl-Methane (MSM), Glucosamine Sulphate, Boswellia, Chondroitin, and Turmeric. We’ve also included Fish Collagen and Green Lipped Mussel (GLM), which contains 90 different fatty acids, most notably EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). These essential fatty acids are known to reduce inflammation while promoting brain health, gut health, and joint lubrication.

Additionally, Flexx features Hemp Protein to support muscle composition, which plays a crucial role in alleviating strain on joints and maintaining overall mobility.

The ingredients in Flexx work together to support canine joint health, whether used as a proactive measure or to provide relief from existing joint issues. It should be noted that this supplement isn’t recommended for puppies under 6 months of age, so checking with your vet before adding any supplements to a young pup’s diet is important.

Two other supplements that are my go-to for additional nutritional support are bone broth and colostrum. Both are must-haves for joint health and overall well-being.

ProDog’s Colostrum for dogs, is a nutrient powerhouse that boosts gut health, strengthens immunity, and promotes a balanced inflammatory response—all crucial for maintaining strong, healthy cartilage and joints.

Bone Broth is another excellent option. Rich in collagen, gelatin, and amino acids, this nutrient-packed elixir supports gut health, reduces inflammation, and nourishes joints to enhance mobility and ease discomfort. Plus, it’s easily digestible, making it a wholesome addition to any dog’s diet. Be sure to look for bone broths for dogs such as ProDog’s range.

Of course, the foundation of optimal health starts with a fresh, whole-food diet. For tips on getting started, check out our Raw Feeding Beginners Guide.

If you’re not sure which supplements are right for your dog, our team of expert canine nutritionists is here to help. Contact us for free, tailored advice on the best options for your dog’s individual needs.

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ProDog supplements are expertly formulated with science-backed ingredients to provide targeted support for your dog’s health and well-being. 

Maintaining a healthy weight

Maintaining a healthy weight isn’t just about overall health, it’s a cornerstone of joint and mobility health for all dogs. Excess weight puts unnecessary strain on bones and joints, particularly in breeds already predisposed to joint issues, increasing their risk of discomfort and long-term damage. Weight isn’t just about appearance, it directly impacts every aspect of health including energy levels, and mobility.

The good news is, weight management is entirely achievable in most cases. Regular, appropriate exercise tailored to your dog’s age and size, feeding fresh, whole foods, and adhering to proper portion control are simple yet powerful ways to keep your dog’s weight within healthy boundaries.

Ready to help your dog shed excess pounds? Discover more in our blog, Weight Loss Tips for Dogs.

Exercise recommendations

Every breed is unique, with different exercise needs, so it’s crucial to research the requirements of your dog’s breed early in their life (or as soon as they join your family). While puppies are bundles of energy, it can be tempting to “tire them out,” but over-exercising can be harmful to their developing bones and joints. For puppies, playtime should be kept to short, frequent sessions to prevent overtiredness and avoid unnecessary strain.

With large breed puppies, limiting high-intensity exercise is especially important. For example, taking them on a 5-mile bike ride or engaging in repetitive jumping activities at a young age can damage their growing bones and immature joints. That said, puppies do need age-appropriate exercise to help burn energy, build muscle, and develop motor skills. The key is balance, overdoing it can be as harmful as under-exercising.

Breed-specific research is essential. Different breeds have vastly different energy levels and physical needs. Pay close attention to your pup; they’ll naturally let you know when they’ve had enough, as long as they’re not pushed beyond their limits.

For adult dogs, regular exercise remains vital but should always respect their physical capabilities. Any form of repetitive, high-intensity exercise, such as excessive ball throwing, can strain joints over time, especially in breeds prone to joint issues. Variety and moderation are key to maintaining their long-term health.

Examples of exercises to support joint and muscle health

•Walking: Include inclines or hills to strengthen muscles, particularly in breeds prone to hip dysplasia.

•Swimming/water exercise: A low-impact activity that promotes muscle strength and joint mobility.

•Controlled games: Activities like tug-of-war or flirt poles offer muscle engagement without overexertion.

•Mental stimulation: Puzzle toys, or interactive challenges keep the mind sharp and burn energy.

•Chewing Activities: A size-appropriate raw meaty bone, calf hoof or antler offers multiple benefits—it helps clean teeth, burns calories, and strengthens jaw muscles. To ensure you choose the right type of bone for your dog, check out our guide: Feeding Bones to Dogs.

•Hide-and-Seek Games: Scent training is a fantastic way to engage your dog’s mind while encouraging physical movement. It’s not only fun but also mentally stimulating. Get started with tips from Canine Behaviourist Caroline Spencer in her article: A Guide to Scent Training for Dogs.

By tailoring exercise to your dog’s breed, age, and health, you’ll help them stay fit, strong, and ready for every adventure for years to come.

Home setting adjustments

Certain aspects of home life can be challenging for dogs, especially those that are prone to mobility challenges. Small changes to the home environment can make navigation easier on dogs’ joints, whether they’re already having issues or as a proactive measure. Some examples of these include:

• Placing rugs/non-slip mats on hardwood or tile floors to minimise slipping
• Discouraging dogs from running around corners or up/down stairs
• Making furniture/dog beds lower or easier to access, providing ergonomic dog bed options, thick memory foam bed cushioning
• Raising food/water bowls to promote spinal alignment
• Allowing dogs plenty of space and thick, soft beds to lie down comfortably
• Puppy playpens/baby gates to minimise accidents

Creating a home environment that supports your dog’s comfort and reduces stress on their joints doesn’t have to be complicated. Small, thoughtful adjustments can go a long way in promoting your dog’s mobility and overall well-being. By making a few strategic changes, such as those mentioned above, you can significantly ease the strain on their joints.

You’ll find there are plenty of options available that are aesthetically pleasing as well as functional, allowing you to continue to enjoy your home whilst simultaneously supporting your large dog’s joint health.

A note about holistic vets

Holistic veterinarians play a vital role in tackling joint health issues proactively and comprehensively. They can recommend therapies, tailored nutrition plans, and supplements specific to your dog’s needs and the severity of their joint discomfort. Holistic vets don’t just focus on symptoms—they aim to address the root cause of the condition, promoting long-term wellness.

Holistic vets also work in tandem with conventional veterinarians, offering complementary care that includes whole lifestyle advice and guidance. They can prescribe medications when necessary but prioritise natural and preventative approaches to improve your dog’s quality of life.

As a strong advocate for seeking help from holistic professionals, I recommend reaching out to experienced practitioners such as Dr. Nick Thompson, Dr. Katie Woodley, or Dr. Vicky Simon for expert advice and care. Their balanced approach ensures your dog receives the best of both holistic and conventional veterinary medicine.

For more ideas on alternative therapies that can support joint health in dogs check out our blog, Alternative Treatments and Complementary Therapies for Dogs.

The importance of prioritising your dog’s joint health

Dogs bring so much joy and companionship to our lives, and with the right care, they can enjoy a lifetime of mobility and happiness. While joint health issues may not affect every dog, their potential predisposition, particularly in larger breeds, deserves your proactive attention to prevent unnecessary pain and discomfort.

The good news is that small, consistent steps can have a big impact. A species-appropriate diet, joint-supporting supplements, and thoughtful lifestyle adjustments create a strong foundation for long-term joint health. Combine these with regular vet check-ups and, most importantly, your love and care, and you’re setting your dog up for a healthier, more comfortable life.

Don’t wait for signs of discomfort; be proactive. By investing in your dog’s joint health today, you’re not just improving their mobility, you’re enhancing their quality of life and creating more happy, active years together.